They were investigating the presence of uncooperative interactive features, such as interruptions, in conversation. Consequently, like west and zimmerman originally theorized about men and women, nonbinary individuals must also carefully do gender even in their efforts to neutralize their gender identity. The varying display of gender display 9 husband, she may need to do something to compensate for this violation. Handout candace west, don zimmerman, doing gender, in. For such women, undertaking more housework or giving up bargaining power in reducing housework is one way to neutralize the unbalanced gender relation within the family, a phenomenon labeled as the gender display hypothesis. Doing gender west and zimmerman summary free essays. West and zimmerman, in 1987, first presented the concept of doing gender as a contrast.
Doing gender was an article and concept coined by sociologists candace west and don zimmerman in 1987 published in gender and society. That is, to do gender is to act with the possibility that one will be judged according to normative stan dardsapplied to ones sex category. In other words, gender may be challenged and revised. West and zimmerman highlighted the social dimension of gender roles and used the example of housework as typical of an activity socially perceived as womens work. The doing of gender is different than all of these, and it is different than goffmans idea of gender displays. Sex is seen as natural and gender as culturally specific. In the same anthology, we may find some chapters that conceive of gender, race, and class as distinct axes and others that conceive of them as concentric ones. Though published in 1987, dg was written far earlier than that circa 1975 in an attempt to use thenprevalent sex role theory to communicative issues held between men and women. Gender the reaction and result of situational actions shaped by normative expectations of ones sex category. As he swaggers and sticks out his chest, he is doing everything he can to be like his father to be a man. Indeed, studying housework in the context of samesex couples provides insights into both the doing and the undoing of gender through housework risman, 2004. In sociology and gender studies, doing gender is the idea that in western culture, gender. Transvestism and the power of underdoing gender in everyday life and work.
Accomplishment of being a woman in the face of normative. This concept of doing gender is so embedded in the roots of society that many people are oblivious to it. Explore contemporary debates surrounding issues related to sex and gender from a global perspective. Apologies to candace west and don zimmerman for shamelessly appropriating their framing of how we engage with gender. Gender is not something we are born with, and not something we have, but something we do west and zimmerman 1987 something we perform butler 1990. Recent developments in language and gender research elizabeth h. Pdf west and zimmerman, doing gender frostlock zhou. West and zimmermans definition of gender is a sociological one which relies on codes and conventions that are at the foundation of everyday activities.
Doing gender, doing religion the doing gender theoretical model has proven to be enormously influential among scholars as a useful framework for understanding the social construction of gender west and zimmerman 1987. Doing gender centre for budget and policy studies blog. The course will focus on both lived experiences how men and women do gender as well as how actors in different policymaking arenas frame and apply gender, in global, eu, national and local contexts. Doing gender in context uq espace university of queensland. West and zimmerman 1977 with prevailing formulations of sex role theory. However, we contend that the notion of gender as a role obscures the work that is involved in producing gender in. In doing gender, west and zimmerman advance a sociological approach to gender as a routine accomplishment embedded in everyday interaction 1987, 125. We presented doing gender at a meeting of the american sociological.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A more compelling model is associated with the concept of gender. As humans, we have categorized and defined many aspects of life. Transgender people, gender panics, and the maintenance of the sexgendersexuality system. Doctors doing gender at eye clinicsgender constructions. This perspective links the physiological differences of sex to social. West and zimmerman 1987, scholars find that workers in a wide range of occupations. Assumptions assumes that everyone cares about doing gender or that people are always watching to look for norm violations. However, we contend that the notion of gender as a role obscures the work that is involved in producing gender in everyday activities, while the notion. Doing crime as doing gender masculinities, femininities.
Document resume ed 349 518 author stohs, joanne hoven title. In dirty work occupations exaggerated forms of doing gender west and zimmerman, 1987 can provide a means through which the worker manages the stigma associated with the work. As west and zimmerman argue in their classical text, gender is accomplished in interaction. We argue that recognition of the analytical independence of these concepts is essential for. Sociology of gender qualifying examination reading list department of sociology, university of illinois, urbana champaign february 2016 theories of gender foundational and early approaches acker, joan. And close inspection of social workers adoption files on by stefan vater on. It describes the insights the approach offers for conceptualizing gender, and it assesses the specific contributions of doing gender in criminology. West and zimmerman argue that goffman sees gender as an optional dramatization that is played out for an audience that is wellversed in a cultures idealization of feminine and masculine natures. In other words, gender may be challenged and revised, both in individual interactions and in institutional settings. The doing of gender does not require heterosexual groups. In their 1987 article doing gender sociologists candace west and don h. View doing gender by west and zimmerman from soc 101 at university of north carolina, greensboro. Sociologists of gender generally agree with west and zimmermans 1987 central. West, zimmerman accounting for doing gender 1 by stefan vater on.
Fenstermaker, west and zimmerman use this reconceptualization to explain. Deutsch undoing gender 109 assessment west and zimmerman 2002. Assignment based on possession of conventional biological criteria for male and female. To do so entails a critical assessment of existing perspectives on sex and gender and the introduction of important distinctions among sex, sex category, and gender. West and zimmerman 2002 indicate that doing gender applies whether. However, the use of any such source as a manual of procedure requires the. Zimmerman and west s paper sex roles, interruptions and silences in conversation looks at sex gender differences within language and conversation. Distinguishing the study of doing gender from gender role theory, west and zimmerman examine the interactional work involved in being a gendered person in society. One central point of ethnomethodological analysis that west and zimmerman. Our purpose in this article is to propose an ethnomethodologically informed, and.
Develop a gender lens and consciousness and apply it to your everyday lives. Doing gender by west and zimmerman summary consider the. West and zimmerman go on to argue that doing gender means con. Doing gender west and zimmerman flashcards quizlet. Bibliography includes bibliographical references p. Tuesday september 11 sociology of masculine domination bourdieu pierre, masculine domination, stanford university press, 2002. Gender, socialconstructionism, and interpersonal interaction west and zimmermans 1987 iconic piece attends to the notion of gender as a process that is accomplished in everyday interaction. Doing gender is a classic sociological concept developed by candace west and don zimmerman.
She argues that it is on the bodys surface gender such as femininity and masculinity becomes visible through acting, gestures and other signs. Doing gender posits that gender understood as socially defined gender roles can have an effect even in the. These statistics are based on the eventhistory file for risk of divorce from year of marriage. In summary, in the doing gender approach, both sex. Examine the variety of theories used to explain gender inequality, sexual identity, gendered interactions and more. Sep 15, 2015 doing gender by candace west and don h. Gender as a routine accomplishment embedded in everyday interaction 125. Here are summary points about doing gender, based on their article. Sociologists of gender generally agree with west and zimmerman s 1987 central.
West and zimmerman 1987, we examine gender determination criteria in. Moreover, race, class and gender cannot be separated or added like beads of a necklace they always interact. Doing gender is necessary because appropriate performances of gender are the means through which individuals claim membership in a sex category as. Small insults and doing gender one of the most universal social things that we as humans do is gender. Stokoe introduction in this paper, i consider the potential of membership categorisation analysis, an empirical tool in ethnomethodological inquiry, for language and gender researchers. Whl graduate school of business and economics, germany. Pdf doing gender the sage encyclopedia of psychology and.
Once the differences have been constructed, they are used to reinforce the essentialness of gender west and zimmerman 1987. Premid 70s, sociological discernment between sex and gender biological versus psychological, cultural, social. Files and dossiers in american life stanton wheeler, ed. Doing gender refers to process of creating gender through interactions in particular social settings. Comparisons of at home and breadwinner parents time use. West is a professor at the university of california, santa cruz, sociology department. Ebook or pdf edited book email encyclopedia article govt. Doing and undoing gender the primary social theory explaining how cultural mechanisms create gender difference is the doing gender theoretical perspective deutsch, 2007. The purpose of this article is to advance a new understanding of gender as a routine accomplishment embedded in everyday interaction.
We argue that recognition of the analytical independence of these concepts is essential for understanding the interactional work involved in being a gendered person in society. West, zimmerman doing gender 1 sex, sex category, and gender garfinkels 1967, pp. Doing gender, doing difference is engaging and thoughtprovoking. Zimmermann first introduced their notion of gender not as a trait, a social role or a societal representation, but rather as an accomplishment the product of daily social practices and behaviors which codify and manifest femininity of. Doing gender means that gender is a routine accomplishment in everyday life. Doing gender according to west and zimmerman is to advance a new understanding of gender as a routine accomplishment embedded in every day interaction. Essentially, west and zimmerman argued that gender is something that humans created. Doing gender is a paradigm first articulated by west and zimmerman for theorizing gender as socially produced in ongoing interactions of everyday life. The initial ideas for doing gender came in 1975 and 1976, while we were trying to reconcile findings on the use of interruption in conversations between women and men zimmerman and west 1975. West, zimmerman doing gender 127 focus on behavioral aspects of being a woman or a man as opposed, for example, to biological differences between the two.
West and zimmerman 1987, and 2 attention to the interlocking systems of race, class, and gender espiritu 1997. West and zimmerman suggest that gender is something people do. Sociology doing gender gender studies bibliographies in harvard style. Sociology of gender qualifying examination reading list. West and zimmerman 1987 constmcted doing gender theory. The same idea, albeit not in terms of utility function, was developed earlier by west and zimmerman 1987 in an influential article entitled doing gender almost a trademark in timeuse research on wages and housework time see the survey by coltrane, 2000.
The challenges for women in the academic organization katherine j. Doing gender candace west university of california, santa cruz don h. Sociology doing gender gender studies bibliographies. Doing gender was introduced by west and zimmerman 1987, who distinguish between sex, sex category, and gender. Understanding gender as an interactional accomplishment sheds light on the mechanisms behind. Caring about food doing gender in the foodie kitchen. How science has constructed a romance based on stereotypical malefemale roles. How race and gender shaped american citizenship and labor doing. Tuesday september 18 doing gender west, candace and zimmerman, don h. Apr 04, 2018 this blog series is an attempt to articulate the difficulties and rewards of doing gender. Zimmerman, 1969, recordkeeping and the intake process in a public welfare agency, in on record. We use gender to organize activities, as innocent appearing as lining up in school boys in this line, girls in this one or as oppressive as income distribution. Doing gender and race and class sociology of gender is based on the assumption that we are rather doing than having gender. Abstract the starting point of the paper is the coconstruction of gender and technology, that is.
West and zimmerman conceptualize doing gender as a process, involving the identification of current cultural conceptions of conduct p. Doing gender is a socially required practice, and therefore we cannot not do gender, our assigned sex category is imposed on us and is perceived as essential, we can comply with is or rebel against it, but in either case we are always, west and zimmerman argue, doing gender. Gender along with all other forms of subjectivity is performative because it is brought into being through doing. Definition of doing gender noun creating differences between girls and boys and women and men, differences that are not natural, essential, or biological. Doing gender, west and zimmermans 1987 landmark article, highlighted the impor tance of social interaction, thus revealing the weaknesses of socialization and structural approaches. Zimmerman university of california, santa barbara the purpose of this article is to advance a new understanding of gender as a accomplishment embedded in everyday interaction.
Doing gender, doing class the performance of sexuality. The book will be essential reading for scholars coping with the theoretical difficulties of bringing together analyses of gender, race, and class. West, fenstermaker doing difference 9 references to gender, race, and class as intersecting systems, as interlocking categories, and as multiple bases for oppression. While there is a growing acceptance of the multiplicity of gender identities, there is still much work to be done in the public and academic domains. Her research areas include language and social interaction, the sociology of gender, conversation analysis, and microanalysis and medicine. This essay assesses the strengths and limitations of doing gender for understanding crime. Doing gender, doing difference is a fascinating and coherent collection showing the development, spanning 25 years, of theorizing about the social construction of gender and other inequalities. Sociological understandings of gender as doing derive both from goffmans symbolic interactionist analysis of gender display for example, goffman 1959 and garfinkels1967 ethnomethodologyofgender,withsubsequentelaborationsby kessler and mckenna 1978 and west and zimmerman 1987. The specific term doing gender was used in west and zimmermans article by the same title, originally written in. Fenstermaker and west offer an inspiring model of how theorybuilding might and should proceed, through dialogue with other scholars and creative empirical work.
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